Django基础知识

创建Django项目

django目录结构

保存django项目的urls、settings、uwsgi文件

新建项目app

manage.py@djangodemo > startapp message
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm 2017.1.2\bin\runnerw.exe" C:\Users\jianhu.yong\Envs\testvir01\Scripts\python.exe "C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm 2017.1.2\helpers\pycharm\django_manage.py" startapp message C:/Users/jianhu.yong/PycharmProjects/djangodemo
Following files were affected 
 C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo\message\apps.py
C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo\message\views.py
C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo\message\__init__.py
C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo\message\admin.py
C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo\message\tests.py
C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo\message\models.py
C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo\message\migrations\__init__.py
Process finished with exit code 0

新建静态文件夹

主要存放静态文件 js css img等

新建日志文件夹

新建用户上传文件夹

新建apps package

集中管理diango app

将message app移动至apps文件夹内

当我们在其他目录导入message时候，需要通过apps.message来导入！
例如：from apps.message import views
直接import message会提示错误

当我们想通过import message import views导入却发现有错误，这是需要将apps目录标记为Sources Root即可，但是又会带来另外一个问题，在命令行里面启动django项目，会提示message找不到的错误，这时需要修改settings配置文件中的BASEDIR变量即可！

sys.path.append(os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'apps'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))

C:\WINDOWS\system32>workon

Pass a name to activate one of the following virtualenvs:
==============================================================================
testvir01

C:\WINDOWS\system32>workon testvir01
(testvir01) C:\Windows\System32>cd C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo\

(testvir01) C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo>dir
 驱动器 C 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 D8C0-E83A

 C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo 的目录

2018/06/28  10:32    <DIR>          .
2018/06/28  10:32    <DIR>          ..
2018/06/28  10:37    <DIR>          .idea
2018/06/27  17:29    <DIR>          apps
2018/06/27  17:19    <DIR>          djangodemo
2018/06/27  17:19    <DIR>          log
2018/06/28  10:32               807 manage.py
2018/06/27  17:20    <DIR>          media
2018/06/27  17:19    <DIR>          static
2018/06/27  17:19    <DIR>          templates
               1 个文件            807 字节
               9 个目录 45,607,804,928 可用字节

(testvir01) C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo>python manage.py runserver
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 4, in <module>
    import  message
ImportError: No module named message

(testvir01) C:\Users\jianhu.yong\PycharmProjects\djangodemo>

Django留言板项目简单实战

安装mysql-python

Windows安装mysql-python

settings配置

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'testdb01',
        'USER':'root',
        'PASSWORD':'root',
        'HOST':'127.0.0.1'

    }
}

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
]

migration生成数据表

manage.py@djangodemo > makemigrations
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm 2017.1.2\bin\runnerw.exe" C:\Users\jianhu.yong\Envs\testvir01\Scripts\python.exe "C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm 2017.1.2\helpers\pycharm\django_manage.py" makemigrations C:/Users/jianhu.yong/PycharmProjects/djangodemo
No changes detected

manage.py@djangodemo > migrate
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm 2017.1.2\bin\runnerw.exe" C:\Users\jianhu.yong\Envs\testvir01\Scripts\python.exe "C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm 2017.1.2\helpers\pycharm\django_manage.py" migrate C:/Users/jianhu.yong/PycharmProjects/djangodemo
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

Process finished with exit code 0

编写views.py

views.py

def getform(request):
    return render(request, 'message_form.html')

配置urls.py

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from message.views import getform

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^form/',getform, name='form_get')
]

静态文件配置

message_form.html

<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title></title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/style.css">
</head>
<body>
<form action="{% url 'form_get' %}" method="POST" class="smart-green">
    <h1>留言信息
        <span>请留下你的信息.</span>
    </h1>
    <label>
        <span>姓名 :</span>
        <input id="name" type="text" name="name" value=
        {% if not message.name == 'bobbytest' %}
            'bobby has test'
        {% else %}
            bobby
        {% endif %} class="error" placeholder="请输入您的姓名"/>
        <div class="error-msg"></div>
    </label>

    <label>
        <span>邮箱 :</span>
        <input id="email" type="email"  name="email" value="{{ message.email }}" placeholder="请输入邮箱地址"/>
        <div class="error-msg"></div>
    </label>

    <label>
        <span>联系地址 :</span>
        <input id="address" type="text" name="address" value="{{ message.address }}" placeholder="请输入联系地址"/>
        <div class="error-msg"></div>
    </label>

    <label>
        <span>留言 :</span>
        <textarea id="message" name="message"  placeholder="请输入你的建议">{{ message.message }}</textarea>
        <div class="error-msg"></div>
    </label>
    <div class="success-msg"></div>
    <label>
        <span>&nbsp;</span>
        <input type="submit" class="button" value="提交"/>
    </label>
    {% csrf_token %}
</form>

</body>
</html>

style.css

.smart-green {
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    max-width: 500px;
    background: #F8F8F8;
    padding: 30px 30px 20px 30px;
    font: 12px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
    color: #666;
    border-radius: 5px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
    -moz-border-radius: 5px;
}

.smart-green h1 {
    font: 24px "Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
    padding: 20px 0px 20px 40px;
    display: block;
    margin: -30px -30px 10px -30px;
    color: #FFF;
    background: #9DC45F;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #949494;
    border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;
    -moz-border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #89AF4C;
}

.smart-green h1 > span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 11px;
    color: #FFF;
}

.smart-green label {
    display: block;
    margin: 0px 0px 5px;
}

.smart-green label > span {
    float: left;
    margin-top: 10px;
    color: #5E5E5E;
}

.smart-green input[type="text"], .smart-green input[type="email"], .smart-green textarea, .smart-green select {
    color: #555;
    height: 30px;
    line-height: 15px;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;
    margin-top: 2px;
    border: 1px solid #E5E5E5;
    background: #FBFBFB;
    outline: 0;
    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 2px rgba(238, 238, 238, 0.2);
    box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 2px rgba(238, 238, 238, 0.2);
    font: normal 14px/14px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}

.smart-green textarea {
    height: 100px;
    padding-top: 10px;
}


.smart-green .button {
    background-color: #9DC45F;
    border-radius: 5px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
    -moz-border-border-radius: 5px;
    border: none;
    padding: 10px 25px 10px 25px;
    color: #FFF;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #949494;
}

.smart-green .button:hover {
    background-color: #80A24A;
}

.error-msg{
    color: red;
    margin-top: 10px;
}
.success-msg{
    color: #80A24A;
    margin-top: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

启动Django服务

http://127.0.0.1:8000/form/